Anyone who is suffering from diabetes mellitus is at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. It can occur in people with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and the longer the person has had the disease, the greater are the chances of this condition developing. Controlling blood sugar is of paramount importance to diabetics, and it is when the blood sugar levels become too high that damage to the eye starts to happen. The damage occurs to the retinal blood vessels, and will make it more difficult for the retina to transmit light and images to the optic nerve.
There are several ways in which the retina is affected by this condition: sometimes the blood vessels in the retina will swell up and blood will leak out of them; new vessels will actually grow across the retina; or fluid will build up on or under the macula, causing a macular edema. Since the symptoms are often not detected early, diabetic retinopathy can eventually cause blindness. At the onset of the condition, the leaking of the blood vessels, or the overgrowth will not be noticeable to the diabetic. After a while, the leakage will cause ‘floaters’, which will appear as spots floating around in the eye. Double vision can also happen as the condition worsens. It is of paramount importance to visit Dr. Niksarli immediately if you are diabetic and these symptoms occur. Early treatment can help prevent further deterioration.
Your first line of protection against developing blindness from diabetic retinopathy is to schedule regular eye examinations with Dr. Kevin Niksarli. He will recommend how often you should see him, depending on your condition. By checking your eyes regularly, he will be able to treat any problems before they become threatening. If signs of diabetic retinopathy are detected, there are several courses of treatment available.
Laser surgery, a specialty of Kevin Niksarli, MD, can be performed to treat the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy. In order to control the abnormal swelling of the blood vessels, a scatter laser treatment will help to shrink the vessels. The treatment will be most effective if given before the vessels have actually begun to leak fluid. Dr. Niksarli may recommend several laser treatments spread over a number of visits as the amount of laser burns is high to control the damage to the vessels. Laser is also used to treat macular edema (swelling of the macula).
At times, the blood leaking from the affected vessels will go into the vitreous gel that fills the eyeball. If the amount of blood leaked is great, your vision will definitely be compromised. To treat this condition, a procedure called a vitrectomy is done. This will be done either with general or local anaesthetic, and the fluid in the eye will be removed and replaced with a saline solution. An eye patch will have to be used for several days after this surgery, but a good measure of sight will be restored afterwards.
Keeping your blood sugar levels as normal as possible, keeping your weight managed, exercising, and watching your blood pressure are all important factors in helping to reduce the chances of developing diabetic retinopathy. Regular eye exams will also make sure that any developing condition can be caught early.